Wow, that's some excessively long pathname that Firebase is trying to have here. It's almost certain that it collides with the Windows 260 characters path limit.
The involved program in the toolchain here is the compiler cache (ccache.exe). I have put an option to clear it, but no option to completely disable it.
I can suggest two workarounds.
The first workaround I can give you is to open the master build script build.cmd with a text editor, and replace that line:
% in build.cmd around line 1973
set COMPILER_CMDLINE="!TOOLCHAIN_PATH!\ccache.exe" "!TOOLCHAIN_PATH!\clang.exe" -target !ARCH!-apple-ios!MINIOSVER! --sysroot "!SDK_PATH!" -fmodules-cache-path="!TOOLCHAIN_PATH!\.llvm-modules" -o "!OBJFILE!" -c "!SRCFILE!" @"!OBJFILE!.clangflags"
%
with :
% build.cmd
set COMPILER_CMDLINE="!TOOLCHAIN_PATH!\clang.exe" -target !ARCH!-apple-ios!MINIOSVER! --sysroot "!SDK_PATH!" -fmodules-cache-path="!TOOLCHAIN_PATH!\.llvm-modules" -o "!OBJFILE!" -c "!SRCFILE!" @"!OBJFILE!.clangflags"
%
This change will call the compiler directly for each source file instead of asking the compiler cache whether a compiled object already exists for that file. The immediate drawback will be that the compilation time will be (quite) longer, but the Clang compiler has some well-tuned intermediate layer of code to better handle this infamous path limit on Microsoft systems.
Another workaround would be to disable that Pod in the Podfile and use precompiled libraries or frameworks (possibly for all pods as this would result in faster builds: it's always faster to just link precompiled code than to rebuild it all from source).
Meanwhile I'll try to improve long pathnames support in ccache, but it'll be a hell of a lot of work just to workaround a stupid historical limit in the Microsoft OS. I just wished the Google people that work in Firebase be more reasonable with filenames and reorganize their codebase more cleverly...
Also, would you mind sharing with me the project you're trying to build so that I have a real-life test case against which to test my changes ? I guarantee strict confidentiality.